استقرار سیستم حفاظت کاتدیک به روش بستر آندی چاه عمیق
مراحل حفاری چاه و نصب تجهیزات سرچاهی
بستر آندی چاه عمیق (Deep Well Groundbed):
به طور معمول از بستر آندی چاهی در شرایطی استفاده می گردد که امکان رعایت فاصله استانداردی از سازه تحت حفاظت در سطح وجود ندارد. در مجتمع های گازی و نفتی، ایستگاه های گاز شهری و … که جهت اجرای بستر آندی کمبود فضا می باشد از این نوع بستر نیز استفاده می شود. بستر آند چاهی با توجه به سطح آب های زیر زمینی به دو نوع چاه خشک و چاه آبی تقسیم می گردند.
بستر آندی چاه خشک (Dry Type):
در محیط هایی که سطح آب نسبتاً پایین بوده بدین صورت که آندها خارج از آب نصب می گردند از بستر چاهی خشک استفاده می شود.بستر آندی چاه خشک از دو قسمت فعال و غیر فعال تشکیل می شود. آندها در قسمت فعال نصب می گردند. قطر لوله های جداره چاه آندی 12 اینچ بوده و به طور معمول چاه به قطر 14 اینچ حفاری می نمایند. عمدتا” عمق قسمت غیر فعال از سطح زمین 30 متر و جنس لوله جداره چاه در این قسمت PE و یا UPVC فشار قوی می باشد. عمق بخش فعال بستگی به تعداد آندهای بستر چاهی دارد (به طور معمول فاصله مرکز به مرکز آندها 3 متر می باشد). جنس لوله جداره چاه در بخش فعال از جنس کربن استیل بدون پوشش می باشد (از لوله های مستعمل نیز می توان در بخش فعال استفاده نمود). پس از نصب آندها در داخل چاه و مهار آنها با طناب پروپیلن بخش فعال چاه آندی بوسیله ذغال کک بکفیل شده و جهت مرطوب کردن این بخش، یک لوله PVC فشار قوی یک اینچ مشبک شده نیز نصب می گردد ( لوله تا سطح زمین ادامه خواهد داشت). در نهایت تجهیزات سرچاهی بر روی فوندانسیون بتنی سرچاه نصب و آندهای مربوطه بر روی تاسیسات سرچاهی مهار می گردند.
ملزومات طراحی بستر آندی چاه خشک:
- اولین آند در عمق 30 متری از سطح زمین نصب می گردد.
- درصد ذغال کک می بایست براساس استانداردهای رایج حفاظت کاتدی انتخاب گردد.
- آندها در داخل چاه به دو صورت: کابل تکی و یا زنجیره ای نصب می شوند. در نوع نصب با کابل تکی هر آند با یک کابل جداگانه به باکس مثبت متصل می گردد. در نوع زنجیره ای تمامی آندهای داخل چاه به یک کابل رینگ متصل به باکس مثبت، نصب می گردند.
- ·تمامی فواصل و اندازه های اعلام شده براساس مبانی طراحی و نقشه های اجرایی ممکن است متفاوت باشد.
بستر آندی چاه آبی (Water Type):
بستر چاه آبی از دو بخش فعال و غیر فعال تشکیل می شود. آندها در قسمت فعال نصب می گردند. قطر لوله های جداره چاه آندی 12 اینچ بوده که به طور معمول چاه به قطر 14 اینچ حفاری می نمایند. به طور معمول عمق قسمت غیر فعال از سطح زمین 30 متر و جنس لوله جداره چاه در این قسمت PE و یا UPVC فشار قوی می باشد. عمق بخش فعال بستگی به تعداد آندهای بستر چاهی دارد (به طور معمول فاصله مرکز به مرکز آندها 3 متر می باشد) جنس لوله جداره چاه در بخش فعال از جنس کربن استیل بدون پوشش می باشد (از لوله های مستعمل نیز می توان در بخش فعال استفاده نمود). عمق بخش غیر فعال با توجه به سطح آب های زیرزمینی مشخص می شود. پس از مهار و نصب آندها در داخل چاه بوسیله طناب پروپیلن، تجهیزات سرچاهی بر روی فوندانسیون بتنی سرچاهی نصب و آندها بر روی تاسیسات سرچاهی قرار می گیرند. در فوندانسیون سرچاهی سیستم حفاظت کاتدی (چاه آبی)، تجهیزاتی جهت نصب و نگهداری آندهای داخل چاه استفاده می شود. که تجهیزات سرچاهی نام دارد. از این تجهیزات برای بیرون آوردن آندها در زمان تعمیرات نیز استفاده می گردد. تجهیزات سرچاهی از دو میله فولادی بهمراه نگهدارنده، یک عدد قرقره آلومینیومی، یک قرقره چوبی و دستگیره تشکیل شده است. این تجهیزات بر اساس استاندارد IPS-D-TP-707 ساخته می شوند.
مجموعه تجهیزات سرچاهی
ملزومات طراحی بستر آندی چاه آبی:
- اولین آند در عمق 10 متر پایین تر از سطح آب های زیر زمینی نصب می گردد.
- ·5 متر انتهایی لوله فلزی جدار چاه آندی می بایست مطابق نقشه های اجرایی مشبک گردد.
- آندها در داخل چاه به دو صورت کابل تکی و یا زنجیره ای نصب می شوند در حالت کابل تکی هر آند با یک کابل جداگانه به باکس مثبت متصل شده و در حالت زنجیره ای تمامی آندها داخل چاه آندی به یک کابل رینگ که به باکس مثبت متصل می شود نصب می گردند.
نقشه اجرای بستر آندی چاهی از نوع خشک IPS – TP713
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